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Lots of other Scientologist-run services and companies belong to the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which accredits using Hubbard's management doctrines, and distributes directories of WISE-affiliated businesses. WISE needs those who wish to end up being Hubbard management seeks advice from to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which provides a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


Another well-known WISE-affiliated company is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Government Technology and Converge magazines. The Center for Digital Federal government is a department of e. Republic that was established in 1999 - church of scientology perth address. Internet ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology enterprise.


This area needs growth. You can assist by contributing to it. In order to assist in the continued expansion of Scientology, the Church has actually made efforts to win allies in the type of powerful or respected individuals. Though it has actually achieved some reliability as a religion in numerous countries, Scientology has actually likewise been explained as both a cult and a company.

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For example, it has actually been kept in mind to take part in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by recognizing as Fair Video game individuals it views as its enemies. In 1979, several Scientology members were founded guilty for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were also founded guilty of scams, murder and damaging witnesses in French cases, harmful libel against lawyer Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religions in America, religious scholar Jacob Neusner mentions that Scientology's "high level of presence" may be perceived as "threatening to developed social institutions".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by a company called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was incorporated in California on February 18, 1954, altering its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were commercial and run for the advantage of Hubbard. Controversy followed the church on those years, but its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).




Centers of Scientology remained in 52 countries by the time the 80s can be found in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost repeatedly for 26 years attempting to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than IRS had actually initially demandedand the Internal Revenue Service recognized the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit company.




Scientology mentions its tax exemption as proof the United States federal government accepts it as a religion. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in products for the incoming Barack Obama administration to examine, as figured out in a web poll run by the presidential shift group soliciting public input for the inbound administration. Scientology Perth.

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State Department has criticized click here for more info Western European nations for discrimination versus Scientologists in its published yearly International Religious Freedom report, based on the International Religious Liberty Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is dealt with lawfully as a company, and not as a faith or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was approved a tax-exemption for the 10% license fees sent out to the United States. The word Scientology (and numerous related terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up hallmark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the hallmarks and copyrights, takes a tough line on people and groups who try to utilize it in ways unaffiliated with the other official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard appointed Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of certain aspects of legal protection for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was created with its head office situated at Saint Hill Manor. Under The Guardian's Workplace (later on relabelled the Workplace of Special Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later organized and dedicated among the biggest penetration of United States federal agencies ever perpetrated by a company not associated with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).




In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The crime committed by these accuseds is of a breadth and scope formerly unprecedented. No building, workplace, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and spying. No individual or company was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has also in the past used aggressive tactics in attending to those it views as trying to suppress them, called Suppressive Persons (SPs) first detailed by Hubbard as part of a policy called reasonable game. It was under this policy that Paulette click for more Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expos book about the Church and its founder.


Utilizing blank paper understood to have actually been handled by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb dangers in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which might have sent out Cooper to prison for a prolonged term. The Church's strategy was found at the exact same time as its Operation Snow White actions were exposed.